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Activity Diagrams {#activity-diagrams .title}
We explained the basic elements of activity diagrams in Activity Diagrams. Therefore, here we will only go into the special interpretations and supplemental uses of activity diagrams for system integration.
From the activity diagram in Figure 5.5, we can already extract some initial information for the integration of IT systems for the process no boarding. For example, we can learn which business objects are exchanged, etc.
Activity
In activity diagrams one single activity is depicted as shown in Figure 5.6. In our context, an activity represents a business process. Actions, control elements (decision, branching, merge, start, end, etc.), and objects are essential parts of an activity.
These elements are connected to each other with so-called edges. The connected actions and control elements make up the control flow, which can also be called the flow:
The object flow represents the path of objects that move through the activity. The object flow can also be omitted when constructing activity diagrams. Carrying out an activity can include several parallel flows.
Object Flow (Edge)
Edges, which are depicted as arrows, connect the individual components of the activity diagram and represent the control flow and object flow (edge) of the activity. The control flow determines the flow within an activity. The incoming arrow starts an individual step of an activity. After this step is completed the flow continues along the outgoing arrow. The object flow describes the flow of objects and data within activities. Edges can be labeled with a name (close to the arrow):
The object flow in an activity diagram shows the path of one or more business objects between the various activities.
Acceptinga Signal (Action)
The sending of signals means that a signal is sent to a receiving activity:
The receiving activity accepts the signal with the action accepting a signal and can respond accordingly, meaning, according to the flow that comes from this node in the activity diagram.
Business Object
A business object consists of structured data that is exchanged between actions (see Messages in UML). Generally, the business object that is the output of one action is simultaneously the input of another action:
A business object that leaves its original activity partition is sent from one IT system to another IT system.
Reading Activity Diagrams
Activity diagrams show the interaction between the various IT systems that are involved in the message exchange. Figure 5.7 shows that the IT system of passenger services (1) initiates the action sending passenger list (3) through the event passenger list requested (2), and that the business object passenger list (4) is sent to the IT system of customs at destination airport (5). The IT system of customs at the destination airport accepts the passenger list (4) with the action receiving passenger list (6).
In this diagram, we cannot see that the business object passenger list is sent as the argument of a message. In order to see this, we need to use a sequence diagram.
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- UML
- Introduction
- Basic Principles and Background
- Modeling Business Systems
- Business Processes and Business Systems
- One Model---Two Views
- External View
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagrams
- Constructing Use Case Diagrams
- Activity Diagrams
- Constructing Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- High-Level Sequence Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams for Scenarios of Business Use Cases
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- Constructing Package Diagrams
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- Constructing Class Diagrams
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- Modeling IT Systems
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- The User View or “I don’t care how it works, as long as it works.”
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagram
- Query Events and Mutation Events
- Use Case Sequence Diagram
- Constructing the External View
- Structural View
- Objects and Classes
- Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance
- Static and Dynamic Business Rules
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- The Behavioral View
- The Life of an Object
- The Elements of the View
- Statechart Diagram
- Constructing Statechart Diagrams
- Interaction View
- Seeing What Happens Inside the IT System
- Elements of the View
- Communication Diagram
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Communication Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- Modeling for System
Integration
- Terminology of System Integration
- Messages in UML
- One Model---Two Views
- Process View
- The Business System Model as Foundation
- Elements of the View
- Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Diagrams in the Process View
- The Static View
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Transforming Data from the IT System to the Message “passenger list”
- Transformation of UML Messages into Various Standard Formats
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Activity Diagrams {#activity-diagrams-1 .title}
We explained the basic elements of activity diagrams in Activity Diagrams. Therefore, here we will only go into the special interpretations and supplemental uses of activity diagrams for system integration.
From the activity diagram in Figure 5.5, we can already extract some initial information for the integration of IT systems for the process no boarding. For example, we can learn which business objects are exchanged, etc.
Activity
In activity diagrams one single activity is depicted as shown in Figure 5.6. In our context, an activity represents a business process. Actions, control elements (decision, branching, merge, start, end, etc.), and objects are essential parts of an activity.
These elements are connected to each other with so-called edges. The connected actions and control elements make up the control flow, which can also be called the flow:
The object flow represents the path of objects that move through the activity. The object flow can also be omitted when constructing activity diagrams. Carrying out an activity can include several parallel flows.
Object Flow (Edge)
Edges, which are depicted as arrows, connect the individual components of the activity diagram and represent the control flow and object flow (edge) of the activity. The control flow determines the flow within an activity. The incoming arrow starts an individual step of an activity. After this step is completed the flow continues along the outgoing arrow. The object flow describes the flow of objects and data within activities. Edges can be labeled with a name (close to the arrow):
The object flow in an activity diagram shows the path of one or more business objects between the various activities.
Acceptinga Signal (Action)
The sending of signals means that a signal is sent to a receiving activity:
The receiving activity accepts the signal with the action accepting a signal and can respond accordingly, meaning, according to the flow that comes from this node in the activity diagram.
Business Object
A business object consists of structured data that is exchanged between actions (see Messages in UML). Generally, the business object that is the output of one action is simultaneously the input of another action:
A business object that leaves its original activity partition is sent from one IT system to another IT system.
Reading Activity Diagrams
Activity diagrams show the interaction between the various IT systems that are involved in the message exchange. Figure 5.7 shows that the IT system of passenger services (1) initiates the action sending passenger list (3) through the event passenger list requested (2), and that the business object passenger list (4) is sent to the IT system of customs at destination airport (5). The IT system of customs at the destination airport accepts the passenger list (4) with the action receiving passenger list (6).
In this diagram, we cannot see that the business object passenger list is sent as the argument of a message. In order to see this, we need to use a sequence diagram.
Read next
Sequence Diagram []{.fa .fa-arrow-right}{.btn .btn-primary rel=“next”}
Return
[]{.fa .fa-arrow-left} Elements of the View{.btn .btn-default rel=“prev”}
Computer Science Distilled{.btn .btn-landing-ref .btn-hg .btn-block .btn-secondary style=“font-size: 16px; position: relative”}
Do you remember anything at all from your computer science class? Quicksort, Graph traversal, Big’O and other stuff? Revise your memories with our new book on Computer Science.
Psst! Did I mention that we’re offering sexy discounts right now?
{width=“250” height=“312” srcset=“/images/content-public/logos/logo-2x.png?id=fee3b4b0a14ba60dc0fe368695d78be9 2x”}{.menu-brand}
- Premium Stuff
- Design Patterns
- AntiPatterns
- Refactoring
- Code Smells
- Refactoring techniques
- Composing Methods
- Moving Features between Objects
- Organizing Data
- Self Encapsulate Field
- Replace Data Value with Object
- Change Value to Reference
- Change Reference to Value
- Replace Array with Object
- Duplicate Observed Data
- Change Unidirectional Association to Bidirectional
- Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional
- Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant
- Encapsulate Field
- Encapsulate Collection
- Replace Type Code with Class
- Replace Type Code with Subclasses
- Strategy
- Replace Subclass with Fields
- Simplifying Conditional Expressions
- Simplifying Method
Calls
- Rename Method
- Add Parameter
- Remove Parameter
- Separate Query from Modifier
- Parameterize Method
- Replace Parameter with Explicit Methods
- Preserve Whole Object
- Replace Parameter with Method Call
- Introduce Parameter Object
- Remove Setting Method
- Hide Method
- Replace Constructor with Factory Method
- Replace Error Code with Exception
- Replace Exception with Test
- Dealing with Generalisation
- UML
- Introduction
- Basic Principles and Background
- Modeling Business Systems
- Business Processes and Business Systems
- One Model---Two Views
- External View
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagrams
- Constructing Use Case Diagrams
- Activity Diagrams
- Constructing Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- High-Level Sequence Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams for Scenarios of Business Use Cases
- Internal View
- Package Diagram
- Constructing Package Diagrams
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Activity Diagram
- Modeling IT Systems
- External View
- The User View or “I don’t care how it works, as long as it works.”
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagram
- Query Events and Mutation Events
- Use Case Sequence Diagram
- Constructing the External View
- Structural View
- Objects and Classes
- Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance
- Static and Dynamic Business Rules
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- The Behavioral View
- The Life of an Object
- The Elements of the View
- Statechart Diagram
- Constructing Statechart Diagrams
- Interaction View
- Seeing What Happens Inside the IT System
- Elements of the View
- Communication Diagram
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Communication Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- Modeling for System
Integration
- Terminology of System Integration
- Messages in UML
- One Model---Two Views
- Process View
- The Business System Model as Foundation
- Elements of the View
- Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Diagrams in the Process View
- The Static View
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Transforming Data from the IT System to the Message “passenger list”
- Transformation of UML Messages into Various Standard Formats
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