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Sequence Diagram {#sequence-diagram .title}
The focus of sequence diagrams lies in the illustration of the chronological sequence of message exchange between objects as shown in Figure 5.8. The system integration model illustrates the message exchange between IT systems:
In sequence diagrams as shown in Figure 5.9 we work with the following elements:
Object
Objects exchange messages with each other. In the system integration model, these objects represent the interacting IT systems:
Message
In sequence diagrams, messages are understood as operations of events. Information is transferred as arguments:
Arguments can be business objects (see Messages in UML).
Message Flow
The message flow goes from the sender of the message to the receiver. In the system integration model, the message flow of the sequence diagram corresponds to the object flow of the activity diagram:
However, the sequence diagram adds the chronological aspect.
Argument
See Message above.
Reading Sequence Diagrams
Figure 5.10 shows that as soon as the prerequisite (2) is fulfilled, baggage transportation requests a passenger list from passenger services (1). Passenger services accepts (4) the request, generates the passenger list, and sends the passenger list back to baggage transportation (6).
On the basis of the passenger list (5), which is received (6) by baggage transportation (3), the affected pieces of luggage are unloaded. Once the luggage has been unloaded, baggage transportation sends an appropriate confirmation to passenger services, by sending a list of passengers whose luggage has been unloaded (7).
Finally, passenger services confirm (8) that the luggage has been unloaded. In the sequence diagram, we cannot see what actions are actually performed so that messages can be exchanged. This information is contained in the activity diagram (see Figure 5.11).
The individual actions can also be inserted into the sequence diagram as comments; however, this carries the risk of decreasing the readability of the sequence diagram. Unlike activity diagrams, sequence diagrams enable us to see that the business object passenger list is sent as the argument of a message.
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- Dealing with Generalisation
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- Introduction
- Basic Principles and Background
- Modeling Business Systems
- Business Processes and Business Systems
- One Model---Two Views
- External View
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagrams
- Constructing Use Case Diagrams
- Activity Diagrams
- Constructing Activity Diagrams
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- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- High-Level Sequence Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams for Scenarios of Business Use Cases
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- Constructing Package Diagrams
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- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Activity Diagram
- Modeling IT Systems
- External View
- The User View or “I don’t care how it works, as long as it works.”
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagram
- Query Events and Mutation Events
- Use Case Sequence Diagram
- Constructing the External View
- Structural View
- Objects and Classes
- Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance
- Static and Dynamic Business Rules
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- The Behavioral View
- The Life of an Object
- The Elements of the View
- Statechart Diagram
- Constructing Statechart Diagrams
- Interaction View
- Seeing What Happens Inside the IT System
- Elements of the View
- Communication Diagram
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Communication Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- Modeling for System
Integration
- Terminology of System Integration
- Messages in UML
- One Model---Two Views
- Process View
- The Business System Model as Foundation
- Elements of the View
- Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Diagrams in the Process View
- The Static View
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Transforming Data from the IT System to the Message “passenger list”
- Transformation of UML Messages into Various Standard Formats
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Sequence Diagram {#sequence-diagram-1 .title}
The focus of sequence diagrams lies in the illustration of the chronological sequence of message exchange between objects as shown in Figure 5.8. The system integration model illustrates the message exchange between IT systems:
In sequence diagrams as shown in Figure 5.9 we work with the following elements:
Object
Objects exchange messages with each other. In the system integration model, these objects represent the interacting IT systems:
Message
In sequence diagrams, messages are understood as operations of events. Information is transferred as arguments:
Arguments can be business objects (see Messages in UML).
Message Flow
The message flow goes from the sender of the message to the receiver. In the system integration model, the message flow of the sequence diagram corresponds to the object flow of the activity diagram:
However, the sequence diagram adds the chronological aspect.
Argument
See Message above.
Reading Sequence Diagrams
Figure 5.10 shows that as soon as the prerequisite (2) is fulfilled, baggage transportation requests a passenger list from passenger services (1). Passenger services accepts (4) the request, generates the passenger list, and sends the passenger list back to baggage transportation (6).
On the basis of the passenger list (5), which is received (6) by baggage transportation (3), the affected pieces of luggage are unloaded. Once the luggage has been unloaded, baggage transportation sends an appropriate confirmation to passenger services, by sending a list of passengers whose luggage has been unloaded (7).
Finally, passenger services confirm (8) that the luggage has been unloaded. In the sequence diagram, we cannot see what actions are actually performed so that messages can be exchanged. This information is contained in the activity diagram (see Figure 5.11).
The individual actions can also be inserted into the sequence diagram as comments; however, this carries the risk of decreasing the readability of the sequence diagram. Unlike activity diagrams, sequence diagrams enable us to see that the business object passenger list is sent as the argument of a message.
Read next
Constructing Diagrams in the Process View []{.fa .fa-arrow-right}{.btn .btn-primary rel=“next”}
Return
[]{.fa .fa-arrow-left} Activity Diagrams{.btn .btn-default rel=“prev”}
Computer Science Distilled{.btn .btn-landing-ref .btn-hg .btn-block .btn-secondary style=“font-size: 16px; position: relative”}
Do you remember anything at all from your computer science class? Quicksort, Graph traversal, Big’O and other stuff? Revise your memories with our new book on Computer Science.
Psst! Did I mention that we’re offering sexy discounts right now?
{width=“250”
height=“312”
srcset=“/images/content-public/logos/logo-2x.png?id=fee3b4b0a14ba60dc0fe368695d78be9 2x”}{.menu-brand}
- Premium Stuff
- Design Patterns
- AntiPatterns
- Refactoring
- Code Smells
- Refactoring techniques
- Composing Methods
- Moving Features between Objects
- Organizing Data
- Self Encapsulate Field
- Replace Data Value with Object
- Change Value to Reference
- Change Reference to Value
- Replace Array with Object
- Duplicate Observed Data
- Change Unidirectional Association to Bidirectional
- Change Bidirectional Association to Unidirectional
- Replace Magic Number with Symbolic Constant
- Encapsulate Field
- Encapsulate Collection
- Replace Type Code with Class
- Replace Type Code with Subclasses
- Strategy
- Replace Subclass with Fields
- Simplifying Conditional Expressions
- Simplifying Method
Calls
- Rename Method
- Add Parameter
- Remove Parameter
- Separate Query from Modifier
- Parameterize Method
- Replace Parameter with Explicit Methods
- Preserve Whole Object
- Replace Parameter with Method Call
- Introduce Parameter Object
- Remove Setting Method
- Hide Method
- Replace Constructor with Factory Method
- Replace Error Code with Exception
- Replace Exception with Test
- Dealing with Generalisation
- UML
- Introduction
- Basic Principles and Background
- Modeling Business Systems
- Business Processes and Business Systems
- One Model---Two Views
- External View
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagrams
- Constructing Use Case Diagrams
- Activity Diagrams
- Constructing Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- High-Level Sequence Diagrams
- Sequence Diagrams for Scenarios of Business Use Cases
- Internal View
- Package Diagram
- Constructing Package Diagrams
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Activity Diagram
- Modeling IT Systems
- External View
- The User View or “I don’t care how it works, as long as it works.”
- The Elements of a View
- Use Case Diagram
- Query Events and Mutation Events
- Use Case Sequence Diagram
- Constructing the External View
- Structural View
- Objects and Classes
- Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance
- Static and Dynamic Business Rules
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- The Behavioral View
- The Life of an Object
- The Elements of the View
- Statechart Diagram
- Constructing Statechart Diagrams
- Interaction View
- Seeing What Happens Inside the IT System
- Elements of the View
- Communication Diagram
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Communication Diagrams
- Constructing Sequence Diagrams
- Modeling for System
Integration
- Terminology of System Integration
- Messages in UML
- One Model---Two Views
- Process View
- The Business System Model as Foundation
- Elements of the View
- Activity Diagrams
- Sequence Diagram
- Constructing Diagrams in the Process View
- The Static View
- Elements of the View
- Class Diagram
- Constructing Class Diagrams
- Transforming Data from the IT System to the Message “passenger list”
- Transformation of UML Messages into Various Standard Formats
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